Russia

Russia in 2025 navigates a complex geopolitical landscape while maintaining its position as a major global power with significant influence in energy markets, space technology, and regional security affairs. The country has adapted to international sanctions by developing domestic technology capabilities, strengthening relationships with non-Western partners, and diversifying economic relationships across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Energy exports remain crucial to the Russian economy, with natural gas and oil providing revenue while the country invests in nuclear technology and renewable energy infrastructure.

The space program continues as a source of national pride and international cooperation, with Russia maintaining important roles in satellite technology, space station operations, and lunar exploration initiatives. Cultural exports including literature, music, and arts maintain global influence while domestic creative industries adapt to changing international relationships. Educational institutions have strengthened programs in technology, engineering, and sciences while maintaining traditional excellence in mathematics and theoretical research.

Regional relationships have evolved with emphasis on Eurasian integration, Arctic development, and partnerships with neighboring countries that share economic and security interests. Agricultural production has increased significantly through modernization efforts and import substitution policies that have made Russia a major grain exporter. The technology sector has developed domestic alternatives to international platforms while maintaining capabilities in cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and software development that serve both domestic and international markets.